Omega-3 (EPA/DHA)
Plain-language research summary.
Detail
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Triglyceride or re-esterified triglyceride forms of omega-3 fatty acids supporting cardiovascular, cognitive, and mood health.
Common Dietary Sources
- Fatty fish (salmon, sardines, mackerel) and fish oil
- Algae-derived oils (vegetarian DHA ± EPA)
How the Body Uses It
EPA and DHA incorporate into cell membranes, affecting membrane fluidity and eicosanoid signaling; EPA may favor inflammatory balance, while DHA is critical for neuronal structure and function.
Supplement Origins
Supplements are refined concentrates of marine (or algal) oils; forms include triglyceride (TG), ethyl ester (EE), and re-esterified TG (rTG).
Possible Uses
- Triglyceride management and cardiometabolic support
- Cognitive and mood support
- General inflammatory balance
Long-Term Use
Commonly used long-term; choose third-party tested products to minimize oxidation and contaminants. Store cool and protected from light.
Dose Guidance
Studied
1000–3000 mg/day combined EPA + DHA (varies by indication)
Split across meals to improve tolerance and reduce aftertaste.
Forms
Fish oil (TG, EE, or rTG forms)
Standardization: Standardized EPA + DHA
Algae oil (plant-based)
Standardization: Primarily DHA, some formulations include EPA
Delivery
Coming soon.
Evidence & Studies
Reduced cardiovascular risk in high-risk adults (icosapent ethyl)
Improved depressive symptom scores in mild-to-moderate depression
References
Safety & Cautions
Cautions
- Fishy aftertaste or mild GI upset in some users
- Ensure freshness; rancidity reduces benefit
Contraindications
- Active bleeding disorders
- Fish/shellfish allergy (for non-algal sources)
Interactions
- May enhance anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects
- Can interact with other lipid-lowering therapies (monitor clinically)