Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)

Plain-language research summary.

DetailDoseFormsDeliveryEvidenceReferencesSafety
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Detail

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Essential for methylation and RBC/nerve health; malabsorption is common.

Common Dietary Sources
  • Animal foods; fortified plant foods
How the Body Uses It
Cofactor for methionine synthase and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase.
Supplement Origins
Forms include methyl-, adenosyl-, hydroxo-, and cyano-cobalamin.
Possible Uses
  • Deficiency correction; vegan/older adults; metformin/PPI users
Long-Term Use
Very safe; choose route/dose per labs and absorption.
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Dose Guidance

Studied
250–1000 µg/day oral; higher if deficiency
Sublingual or IM if malabsorption.
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Forms

Methylcobalamin
Standardization varies by product.
Adenosylcobalamin
Standardization varies by product.
Hydroxocobalamin
Standardization varies by product.
Cyanocobalamin
Standardization varies by product.
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Delivery

Coming soon.
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Evidence & Studies

No studies linked yet.
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References

References coming soon.
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Safety & Cautions

Cautions
No special cautions listed.
Contraindications
No explicit contraindications listed.
Interactions
No notable interactions recorded.
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